India, a country of diversity, history, culture, and oneness, proudly stands as one of the world’s largest democracies. Within the expansiveness of the nation beats its heart – The Capital of India New Delhi. Described in terms of history, political significance, cultural diversity, and contemporary infrastructure, New Delhi is the nation’s administrative, cultural, and political hub.
In this blog, we will take you on a ride through the capital of India – New Delhi. We will cover its history, cultural diversity, governance system, top attractions, and much more. So buckle up as we unravel the tale of India’s capital.
A Brief Introduction to the Capital of India: New Delhi
The Indian capital, New Delhi, is more than a city; it is a fusion of the old and the new with historic splendor and modern architecture. Situated in the north of the country, New Delhi is one of the components of the greater National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). On 13th February 1931, it was announced as the Indian capital by the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin.
New Delhi is the site of the Indian Parliament, Rashtrapati Bhavan (President’s House), Supreme Court, and other central government offices. Apart from politics, the city has a rich culture, a wealth of historical landmarks, and a cosmopolitan population.
Historical Background of New Delhi: How Did It Become the Capital of India?
- The Era of Ancient Capital
Before New Delhi was announced as the capital of India, numerous cities were the capital at different times. Some of the prominent capitals were:
- Patliputra (current-day Patna): Capital during the Maurya and Gupta Empires.
- Agra: Capital during the Mughal Empire under Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.
- Calcutta (Current day Kolkata): Capital during the British rule until 1911.
- The relocation from Calcutta to New Delhi
Under British domination, Calcutta was India’s capital from 1772 to 1911. But in the 1911 Delhi Durbar, King George V of Britain declared that the capital of British India would be relocated from Calcutta to Delhi.
The main reason for the relocation was the strategic location and historical importance of Delhi, which was previously the seat of power during the Mughal dynasty.
- Inauguration of New Delhi as the Capital of India
The building of New Delhi started in 1912 under the guidance of Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker, two renowned British architects. The city was planned to portray imperial grandeur with broad roads, gardens, and iconic buildings.
Lastly, on 13th February 1931, New Delhi was inaugurated as the capital of India by Lord Erwin, and it has been the capital ever since.
Why Is New Delhi the Capital of India?
New Delhi was made the capital of India for some very important reasons:
- Strategic Location
New Delhi is situated in the northern part of India, hence easily reachable from various regions of the country. Its strategic position made it easy for the administration to manage the whole nation conveniently.
- Historical Significance
Delhi possesses a good history, as it was the capital during the Sultanate and Mughal times. The historical association made it an appropriate option for the capital.
- Cultural Diversity
Delhi has historically been a potpourri of various cultures, religions, and traditions. Rendering it the capital represented unity in diversity for India.
- Political Significance
Since it is the seat of authority, containing Parliament House, Rrashtrapati Bhavan, Supreme Court, and most important government establishments, New Delhi is the epicenter of the Indian political regime.
Geographical and Demographic Profile of New Delhi
- Place and Size
- Place: North India
- Size: About 42.7 square kilometers (New Delhi District)
- Latitude and Longitude: 28.6139° N, 77.2090° E
- Population
- Population (according to the 2021 census): Around 20 million (including the larger National Capital Territory)
- Diversity: Citizens of all states, religions, and backgrounds live in New Delhi.
- Language
- Primary language: Hindi
- Other languages spoken: English, Punjabi, Urdu, and local languages.
Government Structure of New Delhi
As New Delhi is the capital of India, it is the seat of the country’s executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Here is a brief description of the government setup:
- Rashtrapati Bhavan (President’s House)
- Official residence of the President of India.
- Symbol of power, governance, and authority.
- Parliament House (Sansad Bhavan)
- Accommodates Lok Sabha (Lower House) and Rajya Sabha (Upper House).
- The location where all bills, laws, and policies are debated and enacted.
- Supreme Court of India
- India’s highest judicial body.
- Sees to it that the law of the land is enforced.
- Government offices and ministries
- New Delhi is the home to all key ministries like the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of External Affairs, etc.
Popular Tourist Places in New Delhi
New Delhi is not only about politics and administration; it is also renowned for historical monuments, cultural wealth, and architectural splendor. Some of the prominent tourist attractions in New Delhi are:
- India Gate
- A war memorial was constructed in 1931 to commemorate Indian soldiers who lost their lives during World War I.
- It is a symbol of patriotism and sacrifice.
- Red Fort
- A UNESCO World Heritage Site, constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638.
- It was the seat of power during the Mughal dynasty.
- Qutub Minar
- It is the highest brick minaret in the world.
- Constructed By Qutub-ud-din Aibak in 1193.
- Lotus Temple
- A Baha’i House of Worship, renowned for its flower-like architecture.
- Encourages unity and peace among all faiths.
- Rashtrapati Bhavan
- Official residence of the President of India.
- Symbol of grandeur and administration.
Modern Infrastructure and Economy of New Delhi
New Delhi has witnessed massive development in infrastructure, economy, and modernization. It is home to:
- Corporate Hubs
- Headquarters of major companies and startups.
- Economic growth is driven by industries, IT hubs, and financial sectors.
- Public Transport System.
- Extensive metro rail network (Delhi Metro).
- Well-connected roadways and highways.
- Educational Institutions
- Houses top universities and colleges like Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and AIIMS.
Challenges Faced by New Delhi
Despite its significance, New Delhi faces some major challenges:
- Air Pollution
- One of the world’s most polluted cities.
- There are government measures to regulate pollution.
- Population Density
- High population density results in traffic jams and a lack of housing.
- Water Scarcity
- Shortage of water supply is a challenge for the increasing population
Conclusion
New Delhi is more than a city; it represents India’s diversity, unity, power, and heritage. New Delhi is the backbone of governance in India and is a city where modernity and history do not part company. From the Red Fort to Parliament House, Chandni Chowk to Connaught Place, New Delhi speaks the spirit of India.
As the capital of the largest democracy in the world, New Delhi possesses a distinctive charm and prestige. The city may be beleaguered by challenges but never loses momentum. Embodies the spirit of India.
FAQs
New Delhi was declared the capital of India owing to its past historical importance, geographical centrality, and strategic position.
New Delhi was inaugurated as India’s capital on 13th February 1931.
Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker planned New Delhi.
New Delhi has a population of about 20 million (including the NCT).
