After achieving independence from British colonial rule in 1947, India embarked on a revolutionary path towards democracy and self-governance. An important role in the newly born Republic of India was played by the President. On January 26, 1950, when India became a republic in form, Dr. Rajendra Prasad swore the oath of office as the first President of India. His remarkable contribution to the freedom struggle, his strong dedication to public service, and his role as the first President made him a milestone in the history of India.
This article will discuss the life, achievements, and lasting legacy of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India’s first President, and how his leadership created a strong foundation for democratic governance in the country.
Early Life and Education of Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was born on 3 December 1884 in Ziradei village in the Siwan district of Bihar. His father, Mahadev Sahai Srivastava, was an educated scholar in Sanskrit and Persian, and his mother, Kamleshwari Devi, was a pious lady. Rajendra Prasad demonstrated high intelligence and a strong inclination towards studies right from his early years.
Academic Track
Dr. Prasad started his initial studies at Chapra District School and then proceeded to the famous T.K. Ghosh Academy in Patna. His academic success was observed when he topped the entrance examination of the University of Calcutta. He pursued his Bachelor’s in English and then his Master’s in Economics from Calcutta University.
In 1915, Dr. Rajendra Prasad graduated with a Doctorate in Law (LL.D) from the University of Calcutta and started practicing law at the Calcutta High Court. Due to his excellent knowledge of legal principles, issues of education, and social problems, he became a highly renowned individual in the legal profession.
Involvement in the Indian Independence Movement
Dr. Rajendra Prasad’s freedom struggle was initiated by his meeting with Mahatma Gandhi during the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917. He was deeply inspired by Gandhi’s ideologies of truth and non-violence. Later on, Dr. Prasad was a participating member of various freedom movements organized by the Indian National Congress (INC).
Champaran Satyagraha
In 1917, Gandhi initiated the Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar to fight against the exploitation of indigo farmers by British landlords. Dr. Prasad, who was a lawyer then, was impressed by the plight of the farmers and offered his full support to Gandhi. His participation turned him into a national hero as a social justice and equality-based leader.
Role in the Non-Cooperation Movement
Dr. Prasad actively took part in the 1920-22 Non-Cooperation Movement by encouraging the boycott of British institutions and goods. He abandoned his profitable law practice and responded to Gandhi’s Swaraj (self-rule) appeal. His unparalleled contribution to the movement made him the envy of millions of Indians.
Political Career and Leadership
After India gained independence in 1947, Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the President of the Constituent Assembly by being elected to the position. He was a key figure in the formulation of the Indian Constitution. With him at the helm, the assembly worked tirelessly to develop an elaborate and comprehensive constitutional document for India.
Choice of the First President of India
India was declared an official republic on 26 January 1950 when Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected unanimously as India’s first President. His selection was made given his worthy contribution to the independence movement and unmatched law and administrative experience.
Dr. Prasad, as President, was of the view that there should be neutrality, unity, and education throughout the country. His term as President was characterized by simplicity, humility, and a strong adherence to democratic values.
Achievements as the first President of India
1. Encouraging Education
Dr. Prasad was strongly of the view that education is the backbone of the development of a nation. He was supportive of setting up schools, universities, and research institutions throughout the nation. Furthermore, he was supportive of education in rural areas.
2. Deepening Democracy
As the first-ever President, he laid the fundamentals of democracy with the assurance of ensuring all offices of the Constitution performed their work impartially. He ensured good relations with both the Prime Minister and the Parliament, thus maintaining the smooth workings of the government.
3. National Integration
After independence, India faced communal conflicts and disintegration issues. Dr. Prasad made significant efforts in bringing about national integration, peace, and harmony among groups in society.
4. Development of Rural India
Having come from a rural village himself, Dr. Prasad felt a strong sense of urgency towards the development of rural India. He was devoted to rural development, agricultural development, and social upliftment programs.
Awards and Outstanding Achievements
1. Bharat Ratna Award
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was awarded the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian honor of India, in 1962 for his distinguished service to the nation.
2. Longest Serving President
Dr. Prasad served as the President of India for 12 years (1950-1962) and hence is the longest-serving President of India.
3. Writing and Literature
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was a brilliant thinker and author. His autobiography, “Atmakatha” (The Story of My Life), provides wonderful insights into his life, difficulties, and philosophical thoughts.
Retirement and Death
In 1962, Dr. Prasad resigned from the presidency of India after completing two terms in office. He went back to his hometown of Patna, Bihar, where he spent the rest of his life in a life of simplicity and peace. Dr. Rajendra Prasad passed away on February 28, 1963, at the age of 78, leaving behind a legacy of simplicity, integrity, and selfless service to the nation.
Conclusion
India’s first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, is remembered not only for his political sagacity but for his unwavering commitment towards nation-building, education, and social upliftment. His life continues to be an inspiration for millions of Indians, urging them to serve their nation with honesty, humility, and devotion. As we ride the waves of democracy, the legacy of Dr. Prasad is a light of hope to generations to come.
FAQs
The first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, served from 1950 to 1962.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President of India for two consecutive terms between 1950 and 1962.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad is acclaimed to be India’s first President as well as a leader with marked contributions in the freedom movement, education reform, and social reform movements.
Dr. Prasad was active in the Champaran Satyagraha, the Non-Cooperation Movement, and a variety of other independence movements under the able guidance of Mahatma Gandhi.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was given the Bharat Ratna, which is the highest civilian award in India, in 1962.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad passed away in his native place, Patna, Bihar, on 28th February 1963.
Dr. Prasad was a holder of a Doctorate in Law (LL.D.) from Calcutta University and a respected legal practitioner.
After finishing two presidential terms, Dr. Prasad opted to retire in 1962 and enjoy a simple and peaceful life in Patna.
Dr. Prasad’s legacy is one of simplicity, integrity, and love for the nation, making him a legend in Indian history.
Dr. Prasad wrote Atmakatha (The Story of My Life), an autobiography detailing his life history and personal life.
